![]() It is recorded in the Orkhon stones that Öd Tengri is the ruler of time and a son of Kök Tengri. Öd Tengri is the god of time and is not well-attested. Umay resembles earth-mother goddesses found in various other world religions and is the daughter of Tengri. Umay (The Turkic root umāy originally meant 'placenta, afterbirth') is the goddess of fertility. It takes the form 撑犁/ Cheng-li, which is hypothesized to be a Chinese transcription of Tengri. The oldest form of the name is recorded in Chinese annals from the 4th century BC, describing the beliefs of the Xiongnu. The well-being of the people depends on his will. He rules the fates of all people and acts freely, but he is fair as he awards and punishes. After the Turks started to migrate and leave Central Asia and encounter monotheistic religions, Tengrism was modified from its pagan/ polytheistic origins, with only two of the original gods remaining: Tengri, representing goodness and Uçmag (a place like heaven), while Erlik represents evil and hell. Kök Tengri is the first of the primordial deities in the religion of the early Turkic people. Although most entities can be identified as deities or İye, there are other entities such as Genien ( Çor) and demons (Abasi). They often lack personal traits since they are numerous. İye are guardian spirits responsible for specific natural elements. Even if they are anthropomorphised, the qualities of the deities are always in the foreground. ![]() Deities are personified creative and ruling powers. Turko-Mongol mythology is essentially polytheistic but became more monotheistic during the imperial period among the ruling class, and was centered around the worship of Tengri, the omnipresent Sky God. įurther information: List of Turkic mythological figures The 10th-century Irk Bitig ("Book of Divination") from Dunhuang, written in Old Uyghur language with the Orkhon script, is an important literary source for early Turko-Mongol mythology.
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